Baudouin FLANDRE Count of Flanders

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      Sex: M

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Individual Information

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     Birth Date: Abt 19 Aug 1012 - Flanders, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France
    Christening: 
          Death: 1 Sep 1067 - Lille, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France ( aged about 55)
         Burial: 
 Cause of Death: 

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Parents

---

         Father: Baudouin FLANDRE (Abt 980-1035) 
         Mother: Otgive DE LUXEMBOURG (995-1030) 

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Spouses and Children

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1. *Adèle CAPET Comtesse de Flandre (Abt 1009 - 8 Jan 1079)
       Marriage: 1028 - Amiens
         Status: 
       Children:
                1. Mathilde FLANDRE of England (Abt 1031-1083)

---

Notes

---

General:

Baldwin V ("the Pious")

Research:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Flandre-7
---

Biography

Baudouin V de Flandre (b. c. 1012/3 or before - d. 01 Sep 1067 Lille).

bur. St Pierre, Lille

Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, is the son of Baldwin IV and Ogive of Luxemburg. He married Adela of France. They had two proven sons and one daughter.[1] According to Baldwin (2006), they may have had one more child, Henry (a clerk), but it's unproven.[2]
Titles

1035: Badouin V "le Pieux/Insulanus," Comte de Flandre.[1]

Parents

Father: Badouin IV ""le Barbu/Pulchrae Barbae" ("the bearded"), Comte de Flandre.[3]
Mother: Otgive (or Ogive), daughter of Giselbert, Count of Vaudrevange/Wallerfangen (in Moselgau)[3]

Marriage

m. (1028 Amiens) Adele of France, (parents: Robert II de France and Constance d'Arles). Issue: 2 sons; 1 dau.[1][3]

Badouin VI, Comte de Flandre[3] (c. 1030 - d. 17 Jul 1070).[4]

m. Richilde, widow of Herman, Comte de Hainaut.[5]

Mathilde/Maud[3] (c. 1032 - d. 02 Nov 1083).[6]

m. Guilaume II, Duc de Normandie (William the Conqueror)).[7]

Robert "le Frison", Comte de Flandre[3] (c. 1035 - d. 13 Oct 1093).[8]

(unproven) Henry, clerk.[9]

Death

Baldwin died 1 September 1067 at Lille and was buried there in the church of Saint-Pierre.[10]
Sources

? 1.0 1.1 1.2 http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FLANDERS,%20HAINAUT.htm#_ftnref220
? Henry Project of Stewart Baldwin.
? 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham. (Salt Lake City, UT: the author, 2013), vol. v, page 497, Appendix Line B, #10.
? http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FLANDERS,%20HAINAUT.htm#_ftnref235
? http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FLANDERS,%20HAINAUT.htm#_ftnref240
? http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/matil000.htm
? http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FLANDERS,%20HAINAUT.htm#_ftnref256
? http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FLANDERS,%20HAINAUT.htm#_ftnref268
? http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/baldw005.htm
? Van Kerrebrouck, Patrick. Les Capétiens 937-1328. Villeneuve d'Ascq, 2000. Pp 58 & 59.

Baldwin, S. (2006, October 12). "Baldwin (Baudouin) V de Lille (Balduinus Insulanus, Balduinus Pius)." The Henry Project. Web.[1]

Burke, J. The Royal Families of England, Scotland, and Wales, With Their Descendants, Sovereigns and Subjects. London, England: E. Churton, 1848-1851.

Cawley, C. (2006). Medieval Lands v.4. Fmg.ac.[2]

James W. Sheahan. The Universal historical atlas. New York: Warren, Cockcroft and Co., 1873.

Thomas, J. Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythology. Philadelphia, PA, USA: J. B. Lippincott and Co., 1870.

Wikipedia: Baldwin V, Count of Flanders

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Mathilde FLANDRE of England

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      Sex: F

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Individual Information

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     Birth Date: Abt 1031 - Flanders, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France
    Christening: 
          Death: 2 Nov 1083 - Caen, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France ( aged about 52)
         Burial: in Abbey d'Sainte-Trinité, Caen, Normandie
 Cause of Death: 

---

Parents

---

         Father: Baudouin FLANDRE Count of Flanders (Abt 1012-1067) 
         Mother: Adèle CAPET Comtesse de Flandre (Abt 1009-1079) 

---

Spouses and Children

---

1. *Guillaume DE NORMANDIE King of England (Abt 1027 - 9 Sep 1087)
       Marriage: Abt 1050 - Normandie
         Status: 
       Children:
                1. Duke Robert DE NORMANDIE Curthose (Abt 1054-Abt 1134)
                2. Cecily OF ENGLAND (1055-1126)
                3. Richard DE NORMANDIE (Abt 1055-Bef 1074)
                4. Adeliza DE NORMANDIE (Abt 1057-Bef 1073)
                5. King William DE NORMANDIE Rufus (Abt 1060-1100)
                6. Agatha OF ENGLAND (1061-1079)
                7. Mathilda OF ENGLAND (Abt 1061-Abt 1086)
                8. Constance OF ENGLAND (1061-1090)
                9. Adele DE NORMANDIE Comtesse de Blois (1062-1137)
                10. King Henry NORMANDIE Beauclerc (1068-1135)

---

Notes

---

General:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Flandre-3
---

Biography

Matilda of Flanders (c.1031 \endash 2 Nov 1083), Duchess of Normandy, Queen of England[1]
Early Life

Matilda was the daughter of Baudouin/Baldwin V, called of Lisle, Count of Flanders, and his second wife, Adèle or Adela Capet, the daughter of Robert II and sister of Henry I, kings of France.[2] Matilda was a descendant of Alfred, king of the West Saxons, through his daughter Ælfthryth, wife of Count Baldwin II.[2] Matilda was Alfred's great, great, great, great, great grand daughter (see WikiTree's Relationship Finder).

Matilda had 2 brothers:

Badouin VI of Mons, count of Flanders;[3] and
Robert the Frisian, count of Flanders after his brother.[3]

Family

Although a marriage between Matilda and William, the Bastard, duke of Normandy had been forbidden by the council of Rheims held by Pope Leo IX in 1049, they did marry, in 1050 or 1051, in Rouen.[3] Pope Nicolas II granted them a dispensation for their marriage during the Lateran Council of 1059.[2] In atonement for her marriage, Matilda was required to build the abbey of Holy Trinity for nuns at Caen and its church was consecrated on 18 June 1066.[2]

Matilda and William had four sons and possibly six daughters:

Robert Curthose, born 1051 or 1052, died 1134, Duke of Normandy;[3]
Richard, died while hunting between 1069 and 1074;[3]
William Rufus, died 1100, King William II of England;[3]
Henry, fourth son, later King Henry I, born in 1068, allegedly at Selby in Yorkshire, died in 1135;[3]
Adelaide, died before 1113;[3]
Cecilia, dedicated in 1066 to her mother's church in Caen, became a nun in 1075 and abbess in 1113, dying in 1127;[2]
Constance married to Alain Fergant, duke of Brittany in 1086, died in 1090;[3]
Adela, born after 1066, married to Stephen of Blois in 1080, died in 1137;[3]
Matilda, who is referenced in Domesday Book;[3] and
Agatha, about whom there is uncertainty;[2]

Reign

Matilda presented William a ship, the Mora, which had on the prow a golden image of a boy, holding a horn in one hand and pointing the way to England with the other, for his own use in the invasion of England in 1066.[2]

Matilda was regent of Normandy during William's absence in 1066-7 assisted by a council headed by Roger de Beaumont.[2] During William's latter absences in England she resumed ruling Normandy with her oldest son Robert.[2]

William sent men of high rank to escort Matilda to England for her coronation, and a large number of nobles and ladies accompanied her from Normandy.[2] She was crowned and anointed Queen by Aldred, archbishop of York at Westminster on 11 May 1068.[2]

Matilda spent little time in England, being occupied in Normandy with the affairs of the Duchy.[2] When her eldest son Robert was exiled by his father, Matilda supported him with large gifts of gold and silver and other valuables.[2]
Death & burial

Matilda died in Normandy on 3 November after a prolonged illness and was buried at Caen in the church she had built, Abbey of Sainte-Trinité which is also known as Abbaye aux Dames.[2]

Additional note (Wikipedia): The abbey was founded as a Benedictine monastery of nuns in the late 11th century by William the Conqueror and his wife Matilda of Flanders as the Abbaye aux Dames ("Women's Abbey"). Matilda, who died in 1083, was buried in the choir under a slab of black marble. Construction of the abbey was not completed until 1130.[4]

Matilda made her son Henry the heir of her English property and bequeathed her crown and other ornaments of state to her church at Caen.[2]

Additional notes on her burial (Royal Tombs of Medieval England): William's wife Matilda, died on 2 November 1083, and was buried in the abbey church of La Trinite, her own Benedictine foundation in Caen. According to Orderic Vitalis, Matilda's tomb was decorated with gold and jewels, like that of her husband. The tomb was opened in 1562 (apparently by Calvinists), and in 1702 Matilda's remains were installed beneath the original grave-slab in the eleventh-century choir, slightly to the east of what is believed to be its original position.
Myths Debunked

Matilda and William were not cousins.
If Matilda was descended from Rollo, which is doubtful,[2] [5] they were fourth cousins, with a common great-great-great-grandfather Robert Ganger aka Rollo or Hrolf, (see WikiTree's Relationship Finder), The interdict against Matilda and William's marriage did not state why the marriage was forbidden.[6] In the late eleventh century the Church prohibited marriages within seven degrees of consanguinity, this prohibition included relations by blood, by marriage, and spiritual relationships, ie god-parents.[7]
Matilda was not 4'2" tall.
Her incomplete skeleton was examined in France, and her bones were measured to determine her height. The 1819 estimate was under five feet, while the 1959 estimate was 5' (152 cm) tall. A reputed height of 4' 2" (127 cm) appeared at some point after 1959 in the non-scientific literature, misrepresenting the 1959 measurement.[8]
Matilda did not have a daughter, Gundrada.[6]
Matilda was not married before she married William.[6]

Sources

? James W. Sheahan. The Universal historical atlas. New York: Warren, Cockcroft and Co., 1873.Original data: James W. Sheahan. The Universal historical atlas. New York, Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, Gen. Pub. Co., Balt.,1992, p103.
? 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 Sidney Lee, ed., Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. XXXVII Maxquerier-Millyng, (London: Smith, Elder, & co., 1894), https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofnati37stepuoft#page/50/mode/2up pp.49-52.
? 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Elisabeth van Houts, 'Matilda (d. 1083)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2008, www.oxforddnb.com, 15 July 2014
? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_of_Sainte-Trinit%C3%A9,_Caen
? Constance Brittain Bouchard, Those of My Blood, Creating Noble Families in Medieval Francia, Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, ©2001, 15 July 2014.
? 6.0 6.1 6.2 Rev Mandell Creighton MA LLD, ed., Notes and Documents, the Parentage of Gundrada, Wife of William of Warren, The English Historical Review, III, (London: Longmans, Green and Co, 1888), https://archive.org/stream/englishhistorica03londuoft#page/680/mode/2up pp.680-701.
? Jennifer Ward ed, Women of the English Nobility and Gentry 1066-1500, Manchester University Press, http://bchistorycore.wikispaces.com/file/view/Women+of+the+English+Nobility+and+Gentry+1066-1500.pdf, p.18.
? John Dewhurst, 'A historical obstetric enigma: how tall was Matilda?', Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vol. 1, No. 4 (1981), pp. 271\endash 72

ROYAL ANCESTRY by Douglas Richardson Vol. I, pages 1-8

Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. V page 492

WILLIAM the Conqueror, Duke (or Count) of Normandy, 1035-87, King of England, 1066-87, illegitimate son of Robert, Duke of Normandy, by his mistress, Arlette (or Herleve) [see Appendix, Line A for his ancestry}. He was probably born at Falaise 1027-28. He married about 1050 (marriage prohibited 1049, dispensation dated 1059, they being related by near kinship within the 7th degree) MAUD OF FLANDERS, daughter of Baudouin V, Count-Marquis of Flanders, by Adele, daughter of Robert II, King of France [see Appendix, Line B for her ancestry]. They had four sons, Robert Curthose [Duke of Normandy], Richard, William II Rufus [King of England], and Henry [I] [King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin], and five daughters, Alice (or Adelise) (nun at St Leger in Preaux), Maud, Constance, Cecily [Abbess of Holy Trinity, Caen], and Adele (wife of Etienne Henri, Count of Blois). Maud, died 2 November 1083, and was buried at Sainte-Trinite in Caen. Her tombstone with inscription carved round the edge has survived.

Royal Tombs of Medieval England M. Duffy 2003 page 44

See also:

Wikipedia: Matilda of Flanders
Francis Lancelott, Esq, "Matilda of Flanders", The Queens of England and Their Times, I, (New York: Appleton and Company, 1858), https://archive.org/stream/queensenglandan03lancgoog#page/n22/mode/2up pp.1-23. This is a colourful, but unsourced, story about Matilda and William which includes all the legends surrounding them.
Royalty for Commoners, Roderick W. Stuart, Gen. Pub. Co., Balt.,1992, p103.

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Sir John FOGGE MP

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      Sex: M

---

Individual Information

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     Birth Date: Abt 1417 - Repton, Nr. Ashford, Kent, England
    Christening: 
          Death: 1490 - Kent, England ( aged about 73)
         Burial: in Ashford Church
 Cause of Death: 

---

Parents

---

         Father: Sir William FOGGE (Abt 1390-      ) 
         Mother: 

---

Spouses and Children

---

1. Alice KYRIELL (Abt 1417 - 1490)
       Marriage: Abt 1438 - England
         Status: 

2. *Alice HAUTE (Abt 1447 - 16 Aug 1512)
       Marriage: 1465
         Status: 
       Children:
                1. Margaret FOGGE (Abt 1470-Bef 1532)

---

Notes

---

Research:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Fogge-4

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Margaret FOGGE

---

      Sex: F

---

Individual Information

---

     Birth Date: Abt 1470 - Ashford, Kent, England
    Christening: 
          Death: Bef 1532
         Burial: 
 Cause of Death: 

---

Parents

---

         Father: Sir John FOGGE MP (Abt 1417-1490) 
         Mother: Alice HAUTE (Abt 1447-1512) 

---

Spouses and Children

---

1. *Sir Humphrey STAFFORD (Abt 1 May 1478 - 22 Sep 1545)
       Marriage: After 1490 - England
         Status: 
       Children:
                1. Sir Humphrey STAFFORD (Abt 1507-1548)
                2. William STAFFORD KB (1512-1556)
                3. Sir Robert STAFFORD (Abt 1515-1574)

---

Notes

---

Research:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Fogge-1

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Sir Thomas FOGGE MP

---

      Sex: M

---

Individual Information

---

     Birth Date: Abt 1330 - England
    Christening: 
          Death: 13 Jul 1407 -  ( aged about 77)
         Burial: 
 Cause of Death: 

---

Spouses and Children

---

1. *Joan DE VALENCE (Abt 1340 -       )
       Marriage: Bef May 1365
         Status: 
       Children:
                1. Sir William FOGGE (Abt 1390-      )

---

Notes

---

Research:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Fogge-19

---

Biography

According to Wikipedia [1] the names of Thomas Fogge's parents are not known, but suggests that he could been the son of Sir Thomas Fogge, Knight of the Shire for Kent in 1377, 1379 and 1381 and his wife Anne, Countess of Joyeux in France.

In his early years he was a soldier of fortune on the continent. He purchased land around Canterbury, in Chartham, Harbledown and Boughton under Blean. By October 1360 he had been knighted.

Before May 1365 he had married Joan de Valence, daughter of Stephen de Valence and an un-named first wife. She was widow of William Costede. They were the parents of 3 sons.

Thomas was returned as Knight of the Shire for Kent in 1376, 1378, November 1380, 1381, February 1383, October 1383, November 1384, and February 1388, this last with James Peckham.

He died on 13 July 1407 and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral. He was survived by his wife, and provided for her in his will. His heir was his grandson, William Fogge.
Sources

* Wikipedia contributors, "Thomas Fogge," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Fogge&oldid=918657128 (accessed October 2, 2019).

See also:

"FOGG, Sir Thomas (d.1407), of Repton in Ashford and Canterbury, Kent. | History of Parliament Online." Accessed September 24, 2019. https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/fogg-sir-thomas-1407.

Archaelogica Cantiana: Pedigree of Fogge

----


Note that AC is pretty well certain there was another Thomas Fogge that was this Thomas' father.

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Sir William FOGGE

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      Sex: M

---

Individual Information

---

     Birth Date: Abt 1390 - England
    Christening: 
          Death: 
         Burial: 
 Cause of Death: 

---

Parents

---

         Father: Sir Thomas FOGGE MP (Abt 1330-1407) 
         Mother: Joan DE VALENCE (Abt 1340-      ) 

---

Spouses and Children

---

       Children:
                1. Sir John FOGGE MP (Abt 1417-1490)

---

Notes

---

Research:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Fogge-39

---

Fogges get slightly sketchy past this point, however the earlier information (including in this posted bio), appears taken firstly from Archaelogica Cantiana: Pedigree of Fogge. However it also appears that the person entering this managed to miss one of the Thomas Fogge's listed on the Pedigree of Fogge chart. (ST)

Biography

William Fogge was son of Sir Thomas Fogge aand his wife, Joan de Valence.[1] His father died in 1407 while William was probably still under age.[1]

His first wife was a daughter of Sir William Wadham. She was mother of his son, John.[1]

William's second wife was a lady of the Septuans family of Ash and Dimchurch.[1]
Sources

* 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Archaelogica Cantiana: Pedigree of Fogge

Wikipedia: Thomas Fogge

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Humphrey FORSTER Esq

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      Sex: M

---

Individual Information

---

     Birth Date: Abt 1420 - England
    Christening: 
          Death: 1488 - Harpsden, Oxfordshire, England ( aged about 68)
         Burial: 
 Cause of Death: 

---

Spouses and Children

---

1. *Alice STONOR (Abt 1430 - Abt 1475)
       Marriage: 
         Status: 
       Children:
                1. Jane FORSTER (Abt 1448-Bef 1507)

Jane FORSTER

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      Sex: F

---

Individual Information

---

     Birth Date: Abt 1448 - Harpeden, Oxfordshre, England
    Christening: 
          Death: Bef 21 Apr 1507 - Harpeden, Oxfordshre, England
         Burial: 
 Cause of Death: 

---

Parents

---

         Father: Humphrey FORSTER Esq (Abt 1420-1488) 
         Mother: Alice STONOR (Abt 1430-Abt 1475) 

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Spouses and Children

---

1. *John GREVILLE (1447 - 1504)
       Marriage: 
         Status: 
       Children:
                1. Agnes GREVILLE (Abt 1475-      )

---

Notes

---

Research:

Surname also listed as Forester.

Listed on page 268 of Magna Carta Ancestry (apparently Vol 1 - but need to double check that).

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Anne FRANCEYS

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      Sex: F

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Individual Information

---

     Birth Date: 1384 - Foremark, Derbyshire, England
    Christening: 
          Death: 1456 - Drayton, Oxfordshire, England ( at age 72)
         Burial: 
 Cause of Death: 

---

Spouses and Children

---

1. *William GREVILLE (Abt 1408 - 1471)
       Marriage: Unknown
         Status: 
       Children:
                1. Ralph GREVILLE (Abt 1421-1499)

---

Notes

---

Research:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Franceys-3
---

Biography
Sources

George Russell French, Shakspeareana Genealogica: (In Two Parts.),

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Sir John FRAY

---

      Sex: M

---

Individual Information

---

     Birth Date: Bef 1397 - England
    Christening: 
          Death: 3 Jul 1461 - St Bartholomew-The-Less, Smithfield, Middlesex, England
         Burial: 
 Cause of Death: 

---

Spouses and Children

---

1. *Agnes DANVERS (Abt 1408 - Jun 1478)
       Marriage: After 22 Aug 1435 - England
         Status: 
       Children:
                1. Katherine FRAY (1447-1482)

---

Notes

---

General:

Biography

"Sir John Fray (died 1461) was a lawyer who served as Baron of the Exchequer from 1426 and Chief Baron of the Exchequer until 1448.[1] He had considerable experience of rivers and watermills."

"Fray had the commission for maintaining the navigation of the River Lea around the years 1430\endash 1440. He owned watermills in Essex and interests in other property across the country. These included Cowley Hall in Hillingdon which adjoined the Frays River. The Frays River is a branch of the River Colne which may have been developed to feed watermills in the area. It is said that John Fray arranged for the cutting of a link from the Colne to a tributary rising in Harefield to increase the water volume. .[2]"

"He was also second husband of Agnes Danvers, and the grandfather of Sir William Waldegrave."

"Agnes Baldington's second husband was Sir John Fray, a lawyer, and a celebrity in his day. A Hertfordshire man, he represented the county in the Parliaments of September 28, 1419, and in that of November, 1420. In the latter sat with him his future father-in-law, John Danvers, than whom he cannot have been many years the junior. In the year 1428-24 he was Recorder of London, and in the following year was raised to the Bench as Baron of the Exchequer, and in 1436 became Chief Baron, and presided in the court for twelve years. He died in the year 1461, and was buried in the church of St. Bartholomew the Less in Smithfield. His heirs, as we learn from his inquisition (No. 28 of 1 Edward IV.), were his four daughters \emdash Elizabeth Waldegrave, aged 20 ; Margaret, wife of John Lynham (Plomer), aged 19; Agnes, aged 18; and Catherine, aged 14. Thus, Agnes Fray had living two daughters with the same Christian names, and this was one of the sources of the confusion we shall presently notice regarding her marriages."

Family and Education

m. (1) by 1418, Agnes; (2) Agnes (d. June 1478), da. of John Danvers* by his 1st w. Alice, wid. of Thomas Baldington (d.1435), of Aldbury, Herts., 5 da. Kntd. by Mar. 1459.

Manor of Rusdin

Hamon son of Robert Bealknap was holding the manor in 1419 and sold it in that year to John Fray and Agnes his wife. John Fray held it until his death in 1461, when by his will it remained with his widow Agnes for life, with reversion to their daughter Agnes and her heirs, with contingent remainder to their youngest daughter Katherine and their other daughters in succession. Agnes Fray died in 1478, and their daughter Agnes died without issue. Rushden passed to Katherine, then wife of Humphrey Stafford. In 1482 Katherine died with her husband only surviving four years, Rushden descended to her young son Humphrey, aged eight. He was knighted before 1531, and died in 1545, his son Humphrey, aged forty, being his heir. This Humphrey (of Kirby Hall, co. Northants) was knighted in February 1546\endash 7 at the coronation of Edward VI. He held the manor until 1574, when he sold it with a wood called Westhay to Robert Newport of Sandon (co. Herts.).

Research:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Fray-2

Sources

* Memorials of the Danvers family (of Dauntsey and Culworth), pg 144 [1]
* The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1386-1421, ed. J.S. Roskell, L. Clark, C. Rawcliffe., 1993 [2]
* Parishes: Rushden, in A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 3, ed. William Page (London, 1912), pp. 265-270. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/herts/vol3/pp265-270 [accessed 5 June 2021].