Aubrey DE VERE II
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth Date: Abt 1087 - Hedingham, Essex, England Christening: Death: 15 May 1141 - London, England ( aged about 54) Burial: Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Aubrey DE VERE I ( -1112) Mother: Beatrice UNKNOWN (Bef 1066-Bef 1112)
Spouses and Children
1. *Adeliza DE CLARE (Abt 1093 - 1 Nov 1163) Marriage: 1102 - Suffolk, England Status: Children: 1. Rohese DE VERE (Abt 1110-After 1166)
Notes
Research:
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/De_Vere-260
---
Biography
The House of De Vere crest.
Aubrey II de Vere is a member of the House of De Vere.
Lord Great Chamberlain of England
Aubrey II was in high favor with King Henry I, and by that monarch (on the occasion of his leaving England) was constituted, in 1133 at Fernham, as Great High Chamberlain of England - to hold the same in fee to himself and his heirs. He replaced Robert Malet, Lord of Eye in Suffolk, who had been banished and disinherited from that office.
The title given was meant to be hereditary and all subsequent holders of this office were his descendents. However, throughout the later middle ages, there were various periods when the de Vere family fell out of favor with the Crown, and didn't properly regain the LGC title until after Richard III's defeat at Bosworth Field.
Son and successor of Aubrey (Albericus) de Vere 'senior,' and Beatrice, Aubrey II, eldest son of Albericus, succeeded his father on his death.
While serving as joint sheriff of Surrey, Cambridge, Essex, and other counties, Alberic was slain during a popular uprising or riot in London on May 15, 1141. He was buried in Colne Priory. Aubrey II left four sons, Aubrey III, Robert, Geoffrey and William, and was succeeded by his eldest, Aubrey de Vere III.
Burial: indications are that he was buried in Colne Priory, Earls Colne, Braintree District, Essex, England with other de Vere family members. But years ago the de Vere family tombs were moved to St. Stephen's Chapel in Bures which is in Suffolk a few miles northeast of Earls Colne. Alton Rogers received an e-mail on February 29, 2008 from Robin King, Rector of Bures Parish Church who stated "The de Vere family memorials (tombs) are in St. Stephens Church, a mile from the centre of Bures village."
Timeline
1125: acting joint-sheriff of London
In 1125 Aubrey was made joint Sheriff of London. Together with Richard Basset, the two men held the shrievalty of eleven counties 'ut custodes' for the crown.
1180: in conjunction with Richard Basset, holding shrievalty of eleven counties 'ut custodes' for crown. ... indebted for an enormous sum to the crown for allowing a prisoner to escape, and for permission to resign the shrievalty of Essex and Hertfordshire.
Sep 1131: among magnates attending council of Northampton
1133: on the king leaving England for the last time, Aubrey was given at Fernham the office of great chamberlain for himself and his heirs.
1136: at Stephen's court as chamberlain early in the year , and was with him at Clarendon not long afterwards.
1139: Stephen had to defend his arrest of the bishops before a council. He selected Aubrey to advocate
William of Malmesbury describes Aubrey as 'causidicus' and practised in (legal) cases.
(unproven) 'chief justiciar of England.' Foss couldn't find proof. The states rests on an assertion by his son William's tract 'De miraculis S. Osythae' .
Family[1]
There has been much confusion as to Aubrey's marriage and children. By his wife Alice, daughter of Gilbert (Fitz Richard) de Clare -- who survived him twenty-two years, retiring as a widow to St. Osyth's Priory -- he left, besides Aubrey, his successor, 3 sons:
Geoffrey: 1142: promised by the empress the fief of Geoffrey Talbot, and who, afterwards marrying the widow of William Fitz Alan, held a Gloucestershire fief in her right, besides a Shropshire one in 1166
Robert: 1142: promised by the empress a 'barony' of equal value, and who held a small Northamptonshire fief in 1166
William: 1142: promised reversion to chancellorship, and was identical with the writer of the tract, a canon of St. Osyth's.
Of Aubrey's daughters:
Rohese m.1 Geoffrey, first earl of Essex [q.v.]; m.2 Payne de Beauchamp of Bedford
Alice m.1 Robert of Essex; m.2 Roger Fitz Richard of Warkworth.
Hedingham Castle
Aubrey II was responsible for building the great castle-keep at Hedingham. The Archbishop of Canterbury, William de Corbeuil, was his architect. The castle, which is the best preserved Norman keep in Europe, is faced with Ashlar stone, which was transported all the way from the quarries of Barnack in Northamptonshire.
This was a complex operation, of great expense to Aubrey, but it guaranteed that the castle could withstand all kinds of weather and considerable bombardment, as well as making it handsome and impressive to look at. Very few Norman Castles were faced with stone as at Hedingham; normally, only the doors and windows were faced with cut stone.
Tales of the First Crusade
Aubrey II participated in the First Crusade in 1098.
Legend has it that while Aubrey was fighting in the gruesome battle for Antioch against the troops of the Sultan of Persia's, the sky was darkening with the close of day, and there was confusion on the battlefield.
Just when the Saracens were taking advantage of the darkness, a brilliant five-pointed star appeared [either in the sky, or on the flag being carried by de Vere's men].
The battlefield was said to have been illuminated, and a great victory was won over the Sultan's troops. This apocryphal story is probably told in attempt to explain the unique heraldic symbol of the Vere line - the five pointed mullet star.
Alternately the single silver star on the Vere arms may represent the Star seen by the Magi, as described in the Gospels. The symbol is just as likely to derive from the spur, as the star, but in any case it is likely a remembrance of Aubrey II's involvement in the crusade to take back the Holy Land.[2]
Research Notes
Estimated Dates: "about 1087", based on his older brother Geoffrey's birth in 1086.[3] This c1087 birth year replaced the previous date of about "30 Jul 1082", which was from Jim Weber's website (see comments).
His Wikidata entry has the birth year of 1080, but no source for it.[4] Therefore, the Wikidata database error was marked as false.
A caution received when saving the changes notes that the "spouse's birth date (Clare-21 born 1093) should not be more than 80 years or less than 10 years before the marriage date (1102)." They could have been contracted to marry in 1102, which would not have been uncommon for the time. The text does not reference a source for the 1102 date; it may have been based on the previous birth year of 1082. The earliest birth year on profiles attached as children is 1110 (as of 18 February 2024), which works with both her birth in 1093 and his in 1087.
His Wikidata entry does not give a marriage year. For the marriage, it cites the Wikidata entry for Alice de Claire and his entry in thepeerage.com[4] - neither of which has a marriage year, although thepeerage.com gives his birth year as 1090, citing Cokayne:
G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume IX, page 585.
Note: I'll need to see if I can look it up, but if I recall, another source citing Cokayne had his birth "before 1090". ~ Noland-165, 18 February 2024
Genealogics has birth before 1090; text says "Aubrey was born before 1090, possibly around 1080, the eldest surviving son of Aubrey I de Vere and his wife Béatrice" (but not citing Cokayne).
MedLands has "[before 1090]" for birth also (no source; Cawley uses brackets to indicate uncertainty). It gives his death date as 15 May 1141.
His Wikidata entry has 15 May 1141 as his death date.[4] His Dictionary of National Biography entry has 9 May 1141.[1]
Sources
? 1.0 1.1 Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 58: Vere, Aubrey de (d.1141) by John Horace Round - https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Vere,_Aubrey_de_(d.1141)
? Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
? As noted in the Wikipedia article for his father (accessed 18 February 2024), citing "Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum II, p. 100, no. 981".
? 4.0 4.1 4.2 Wikidata: Item Q434657 help.gif (accessed 18 February 2024).
See also:
John fitz Geoffrey, entry in the database Medieval Lands: A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families by Charles Cawley © Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2000-2017.
See also:
Medieval Lands, database online, author Charles Cawley, (Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006-2013), England, Earls created 1138-1143, Chapter 9, Oxford: A. EARLS of OXFORD 1142-1526 (VERE) 2. Aubrey de Vere II
Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs, Families of the Pacific Northwest, by Jim Weber, database online, rootsweb.com
500-Year De Vere Pedigree by the De Vere Society
Aubrey de Vere II, database online, (accessed 17 Dec 2014), Wikipedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Farrer, William & Brownbill, J. The Victoria History of the County of Lancaster (Archibald Constable and Co. Limited, London, 1906) Vol. 1, Page 300
www.findagrave.com, Aubrey de Vere II (1080-1141), Find A Grave: Memorial #74123348
Rohese DE VERE
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth Date: Abt 1110 - Castle Hedingham, Essex, England Christening: Death: After 1166 - Chicksands, Campton, Bedfordshire, England Burial: in Chapter House, Chicksands Priory, Chicksands, Campton, Bedfordshire, England Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Aubrey DE VERE II (Abt 1087-1141) Mother: Adeliza DE CLARE (Abt 1093-1163)
Spouses and Children
1. *Pagan DE BEAUCHAMP (Abt 1109 - Bef 1165) Marriage: After 1144 Status: Children: 1. Simon DE BEAUCHAMP (Abt 1147-1207)
Notes
Research:
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/De_Vere-265
---
Biography
describe the image
Rohese is a member is a member of the House of De Vere.
Payn was both outlived and overshadowed by his wife, Rohese, who had previously been married to the powerful Geoffrey de Mandeville. The connection between the two families remained close for some time, with the Beauchamps adopting a variation of the Mandeville arms. In common with most of their contemporaries the earlier Beauchamps had already made grants to religious houses, including St Albans and Bermondsey, but the Beauchamps' patronage of the church now moved onto a new plane with the foundation of a priory for Gilbertine nuns at Chicksands, Bedfordshire, c.1150. Although her husband, Payn, was associated with her in early charters, Rohese was always spoken of as the founder. Her support for the priory and her forceful personality were vividly illustrated by her response to the death of her son from her first marriage, Geoffrey de Mandeville. After his death his men tried to take his body to Walden, Essex, for burial at the abbey founded by his father. On hearing this Rohese gathered a band of armed retainers and caught up with the cortège, ordering it to go instead to Chicksands. However, early the next morning her son's servants turned the bier around and took it to Walden Abbey before Rohese could prevent it. Thwarted in her efforts to have her son's body in her own chosen burial place, Rohese retaliated by taking all the furnishings of Geoffrey's private chapel for Chicksands. Rohese was also closely involved in the early stages of the foundation (c.1166) of Newnham Priory by her son Simon [ii] de Beauchamp (c.1145-1206/7). This conversion of the college of secular canons at St Paul's, Bedford, into a community of regular Augustinian canons was part of the widespread contemporary movement towards the regular monastic orders. It has traditionally been linked with the case of Philip de Broy, a canon of Bedford accused of homicide. The failure of the church courts to deal adequately with his case was one of the grievances of Henry II against Thomas Becket, and this notorious incident may have acted as a catalyst by attracting attention to Bedford. Simon was a generous patron of the church; he made several additions to Newnham's original endowment, and also made grants to Warden Abbey, Chicksands Priory, and the hospital of St John at Bedford.
Sources
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
Farrer, William & Brownbill, J. The Victoria History of the County of Lancaster (Archibald Constable and Co. Limited, London, 1906) Vol. 1, Page 300
Royal Ancestry D. Richardson 2013 Vol. IV p. 560-561
Round, John. Geoffrey de Mandeville, A Study of the Anarchy (Longmans, Green & Co., London and New York, 1892) Page 332
WikiData hint: Possible mother
Wikidata: Item Q75645511 help.gif
Wikidata: Item Q7359735 help.gif
[edit]
Sir Henry DELVES
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth Date: Abt 1329 - Delves, Staffordshire, England Christening: Death: 1396 - Delves Hall, Staffordshire, England ( aged about 67) Burial: Cause of Death:
Spouses and Children
1. *Elizabeth BURDET (1384 - Bef 1419) Marriage: Status:Papia D'ENVERMEU
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth Date: 997 - Normandie Christening: Death: After 1047 - Normandie Burial: Cause of Death:
Spouses and Children
1. *Richard DE NORMANDIE (23 Aug 963 - 28 Aug 1026) Marriage: After 1017 Status:
Notes
General:
Papia "Poppa, Duchesse de Normandie" de Normandie formerly Envermeu aka d'EnvermeuResearch:
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Envermeu-5
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Biography
Sources
Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. V page 486 (note- this profile on Wikitree appears to have been created awhile ago - it is entirely possible this refers to an older version of Richardson than the 2013 publication - so would have to update this if it is differenty, however it should still be listed in RA.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papia_of_Envermeu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papia_of_Envermeu
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Papia of Envermeu
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Papia of Envermeu, also called Poppa of Envermeu, was the second consort of Richard II, Duke of Normandy.
Papia belonged to the local Norman aristocracy as the daughter of Richeldis of Envermeu. She married Richard II after the death of his first spouse, Judith of Brittany in 1017.[1] She became the mother of Mauger, Archbishop of Rouen, and William of Talou. Papia is documented to have made a donation to the cathedral of Rouen together with her mother.
Issue
Mauger (c. 1019), Archbishop of Rouen[1]
William (c. 1020/5), count of Arques[1]
References
Van Houts 2013, p. 294.
Sources
Van Houts, Elisabeth (2013). The Normans in Europe. Manchester University Press.
Agnes D'EVREUX
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth Date: 1041 - Évreux, Eure, Haute-Normandie, France Christening: Death: Abt 1087 - Évreux, Eure, Haute-Normandie, France ( aged about 46) Burial: Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Richard D'EVREUX (Abt 986-1067) Mother: Godeheut DE BARCELONA (Abt 1000-After 1077)
Spouses and Children
1. *Simon DE MONTFORT Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury (Abt 1025 - 25 Sep 1087) Marriage: Abt 1064 Status: Children: 1. Bertrade MONTFORT (Abt 1070-1117)
Notes
Research:
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Evreux-1
---
Biography
Notables Project
Agnes (Evreux) de Montfort is Notable.
Agnes was the daughter of Richard d'Evreux and Godeheut Barcelona..[1][2]
She married Simon Montfort.[1][2] They had issue:
Richard, d.s.p. circa 1092[2]
Simon, d.s.p.[2][3]
William, Bishop of Paris[2]
Amauri, heir[2]
Bertrade[2][3]
Research Notes
This person is the subject of a page on the website of Baldwin and Farmerie concerning the ancestry of Henry II.[4]
Stewart Baldwin describes her as "sister and heiress of her brother count William of Évreux, Agnes brought the county of Évreux into the possession of the Montfort family." Her father was Richard, count of Évreux, and because Agnes was uterine sister of Ralph de Tosny, son of Roger de Tosny who died about 1040, Baldwin says Godehilde must be the name of her mother.
Sources
? 1.0 1.1 Cokayne, George Edward, "The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom", London: William Pollard & Co, 1953, Ed. 2 Vol XII Part 1, FamilySearch p. 760
? 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Cokayne, George Edward, "The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom", London: St. Catherine Press, 1929, Ed. 2 Vol VII, Archive.org, p. 709
? 3.0 3.1 Cokayne, George Edward, "The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom", London: St. Catherine Press, 1929, Ed. 2 Vol VII, Archive.org, p. 711
? https://fasg.org/projects/henryproject/data/agnes000.htm
See also:
Normandy, nobility
Wikipedia: Agnès d'Évreux
Wikidata: Item Q2827020, fr:Wikipedia
Richard D'EVREUX
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth Date: Abt 986 - Rouen, Seine--et-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France Christening: Death: 13 Dec 1067 - Eure, Normandie, France ( aged about 81) Burial: Cause of Death:
Spouses and Children
1. *Godeheut DE BARCELONA (Abt 1000 - After 1077) Marriage: 1038 Status: Children: 1. Agnes D'EVREUX (1041-Abt 1087)
Notes
General:
Richard "Comte d'Evreux" d'EvreuxResearch:
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Evreux-32
---
Biography
Richard was the 2nd Count of Evreux; Count of Rouen.
He was the founder of the great Norman abbey of St. Sauveur, furnished eighty ships for the invasion of England, and with his son, William, fought by the Conqueror's side at Hastings, "bearing himself gallantly in the battle."
He married Godeheut, relict of Roger de Toeni.[1] They had issue:
Bertha.
Sources
? Cokayne, George Edward, "The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom", London: William Pollard & Co, 1953, Ed. 2 Vol XII Part 1, FamilySearch p. 757
See also:
The Battle Abbey Roll with Some Accounts of the Norman Lineages, by Duchess of Cleveland, publ. 1889 by John Murray, London, England
Richard DRAYTON MP
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth Date: Abt 1400 - England Christening: Death: 1468 - ( aged about 68) Burial: Cause of Death:
Spouses and Children
1. *Alice KIRKBY (1399 - 1 Oct 1468) Marriage: 1432 - Stonor, Oxfordshire, England Status:Ermengarde DU MAINE Comtess d'Anjou
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth Date: 1 Jul 1092 - LeMans, Sarthe, Maine, France Christening: Death: 15 Jan 1126 - Maine, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France ( at age 33) Burial: Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Hélie BEAUGENCY de La Flèche Comte de Maine (1060-1110) Mother: Mathilde DE CHÂTEAU-DU-LOIRE (1055-1109)
Spouses and Children
1. *King Foulques V D'ANJOU of Jerusalem (Abt 1092 - 13 Nov 1144) Marriage: 11 Jul 1110 - Anjou, Rhone-Alpes, France Status: Children: 1. Geoffrey D'ANJOU Comte d'Anjou (1113-1151)Crinan DUNKELD Abbot of Dunkeld
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth Date: Abt 975 - Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Christening: Death: 1045 - Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland ( aged about 70) Burial: Cause of Death:
Spouses and Children
1. *Bethóc MACALPIN (973 - 15 Sep 1049) Marriage: Abt 1005 Status: Children: 1. Duncan DUNKELD King of Scots (Abt 1010-1040)
Notes
General:
Crinan (Crínán) Abbot of Dunkeld formerly DunkeldResearch:
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dunkeld-9
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Biography
"Abthane of Dule," "Abthanus (Abthania) de Dull et seneschallus insularum," "Archpriest of the Sacred Kindred of St. Columba," "Grimus," "Lay abbot of Dunkeld," "Mormaer of Atholl," "Prince-abbot of Scotland," "Steward of the Western Isles," "The Thane"'
Birth and Parents
Crínán (or Crónán), Abbot of Dunkeld (Dún Caillen) was born about 975 [1] of unknown parents and uncertain date and location. [2] (See Research Notes for doubtful father.) [3]
Children of Crínán and Bethóc
He married Bethóc, the daughter of Malcolm II, King of Scots about 1005. [1][4][5]
According to Cawley, "Crinan & his wife had two children," [2] but Sir James Balfour Paul adds another unknown daughter. [1]
Donnchad mac Crínáin, born about 1010 [6]; married Suthen or Sybilla Unknown; [7] succeeded 25 Nov 1034 as Duncan I, King of the Scots; fatally wounded at Bothnagowan, died at Elgin and buried in Iona. [8][9]
Maldred Dunkeld born about 1003 in Carlisle, Cumberland, Scotland; 1034, Regent of Strathclyde; Lord of Allerdale and Carlisle; 1040, married Ealdgyth or Ælfgifu (Northumbria) of Dunbar, daughter of Uhtred, earl of Northumbria; 1045, killed byin battle with soldiers of MacBeth, King of Scots in 1045 (his father was killed in the same battle). [3]
Unknown daughter Dunkeld, married Moddan, titular Earl of Caithness. [10][5]
Crínán, Abbot of Dunkeld
He was known as Crínán (or Crónán), Abbot of Dunkeld (Dún Caillen). Cawley also names him as "Abthane of Dule. Lay abbot of Dunkeld. Steward of the Western Isles. Mormaer of Atholl." [2]
Research Notes
Doubtful father Duncan, Abbot of Dunkeld and mother Athelreda (Dunbar) Mormaer were detached. Although, Dunbar annotates this parentage, [11] the Henry Project disputes it as "(chronologically doubtful), Donnchad (Duncan), d. 965, abbot of Dunkeld...While the relationship is not impossible, the chronology is very long (if true, Crinán would be eighty at his death in battle even if born in the year of his father's death), and there is no known evidence to support it. The alleged relationship cannot be accepted without further evidence." [3]
With no supporting reliable sources the profile of Wulfflaed Atholl was disconnected as child of Crínán (or Crónán), Abbot of Dunkeld (Dún Caillen) and Bethóc MacAlpin. Perkins-11750
ln the Orkenvinga Saga he is referred to under the name of Hundi jarl. (Chronicles of the Picts and Scots, p. 337.)
Death
He was killed in battle with soldiers of MacBeth, King of Scots in 1045. [12][2][3][9][5]
Sources
? 1.0 1.1 1.2 Paul, Sir James Balfour, The Scots peerage : founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1905), vol. III, 239-241.
? 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Cawley, Charles, Medieval Lands: a Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families, (Hereford, UK: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006), Chapter 3. KINGS of SCOTLAND (DUNKELD), A. ORIGINS, citing, "The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified." Crinan.
? 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England, Baldwin, Stewart, ed., Farmerie, Todd, ed., Crínán (or Crónán), Abbot of Dunkeld (Dún Caillen), d. 1045., (Online https://fasg.org/projects/henryproject/, 2001), citing, "Date of Birth: Unknown; Place of Birth: Unknown; Father: Mother: Unknown." Crínán (or Crónán)
? Cannon, John; Hargreaves, Anne, The Kings and Queens of Britain (Oxford Quick Reference), Kindle edition, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 121. [Kindle], citing, "The absence of a male heir to Malcolm II meant that the succession passed to the issue of his daughter Bethoc, who had married Crinan, lay abbot of Dunkeld."
? 5.0 5.1 5.2 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), 4, 12.
? Cannon, John; Hargreaves, Anne. The Kings and Queens of Britain (Oxford Quick Reference). Kindle edition, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 121. citing, "Duncan I, b. c.1010, s. of Crínán, abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethoc, da. of Malcolm II; king of Strathclyde ante 1034, king of Scotland 25 Nov. 1034\endash 40; m. a kinsw. of Siward, earl of Northumbria; issue: Malcolm, Donald, Maelmuire; d. Elgin, 14 Aug. 1040; bur. lona(?)." [Kindle]
? Cawley, Charles, Medieval Lands: a Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families, (Hereford, UK: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006), Duncan I.
? Fordun, John, John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish nation, Skene, William F. ed., (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1872), bk. 4, p. 179.
? 9.0 9.1 Anderson, Allan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500 to 1286, (Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1922), vol. 1, citing, "Cf. A.U., i, 584, s.a. 1045 (with f.n. and e. of 1045) : 'A battle [was fought] between Scots, among themselves ; and in it fell Cronan, the abbot of Dunkeld.' Similarly also in A.L.C., i, 46, s.a. 1045. Cronan was a more familiar name to Irishmen than Crinan. This Crinan seems to have been the father of king Duncan. See year 1034. Duncan's grandson, Æthelred, also was an abbot of Dunkeld. See year 1093, note. This warfare was doubtless a rebellion raised against Macbeth. It may have been the same attempt against him, in which the Northumbrians took part ; and which the Annals of Durham place in 1046. See E.C., 84.", 584.
? Paul, Sir James Balfour, The Scots peerage : founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1905), vol. III, citing, "a daughter, mother of Moddan, titular Earl of Caithness, who was slain at Thurso in 1040."240.
? Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 280
? Skene, William Forbes, Chronicles of the Picts, chronicles of the Scots, and other early memorials of Scottish history, (Edinburgh: H. M. General register house, 1867), Annals of Tighernach, 1045, citing, "Battle between the Albanich on both sides, in which Crinan, abbot of Dunkeld, was slain there, and many with him, viz., nine times twenty heroes." 78.
See also:
Anderson, Marjorie O[gilvie], Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland, (Edinburgh: Berlinn, 1973), 268, 276, 284, 288.
Wikipedia contributors, Bishop of Dunkeld, (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 2023), Bishop of Dunkeld.
Wikipedia contributors, Crínán of Dunkeld, (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 2023), Crínán of Dunkeld.
Wikipedia contributors, Earl of Atholl, (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 2023), Earl of Atholl.
Wikipedia contributors, House of Dunkeld, (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 2023), House of Dunkeld.
Duncan DUNKELD King of Scots
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth Date: Abt 1010 - Scotland Christening: Death: 14 Aug 1040 - Elgin, Scotland ( aged about 30) Burial: Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Crinan DUNKELD Abbot of Dunkeld (Abt 975-1045) Mother: Bethóc MACALPIN (973-1049)
Spouses and Children
1. *Suthen UNKNOWN (Abt 1010 - Abt 1050) Marriage: Abt 1030 - Unknown Status: Children: 1. Malcolm DUNKELD King of Scots (Abt 1031-1093)
Notes
General:
King Duncan I, King of Scots.Research:
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dunkeld-8
---
Biography
House of Dunkeld
Family and Early Life
Duncan was the son of Crínán the Thane, abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethoc, the daughter of Malcolm II, king of Scots.[1][2][3][4] The chronicler Fordun described Crínán as the Abthane of Dul (Dunkeld), claiming the transcription of the word to "Abbot" was an error made by other historians.[5] An abthane was not a religious figure but was lord of the thanes and functioned also as the king's chamberlain.[5] The exact date of Duncan's birth is unknown. Dunbar estimates it to have been around 1001 based on his parents' marriage in 1000, but gives no source for this marriage date.[4] William Skene places the date of Crínán's marriage to Bethoc as sometime "before 1008."[6] The Henry Project estimates Duncan's birth to have been closer to 1010, based on his being an adult when he succeeded to the throne in 1034 but still a young man ("immatura aetate") at the time of his death in 1040.[7][8] A birthdate of 1010 seems more probable for the reasons given, and is the date used for this profile.
Marriage and Children
Duncan is said to have married a cousin of Earl Siward,[9] whose surname is unknown and who has been variously named "Sibylla"[2] or "Suthen."[10] [see research notes] There was at least one son from this marriage:
Malcolm III, king of Scots; b. c.1031;[11][12] m(1) c.1059 Ingibjorg;[13][11][14] m(2) c.1069 Margaret Wessex;[13][15] d. 13 Nov 1093[16][17]
King Duncan had at least one and possibly two additional sons, although there are no contemporaneous sources which state that their mother was Suthen, or that Suthen was the king's only wife.[10] [see research notes]
Donald III, king of Scots; b. c.1033;[18] d. aft. 1099[19][20][21]
Mael Muire[22][2]
King of Scots
Duncan succeeded to the throne of Scotland on the death of his maternal grandfather, Malcolm I, 25 November 1034.[23][9][24][8] Based on his probable date of birth, he was about twenty-four years of age when he became king of Scots. According to Fordun, the almost six years of Duncan's reign were characterized within the kingdom by a great sense of peace.[9] The young king travelled throughout Scotland once a year settling disputes among the people, ensuring that his officers were not governing with undue harshness, and imposing severe penalties on freebooters and others who committed acts of violence and/or otherwise broke the law.[9] It was said that King Duncan "never suffered any dispute.....to spring up in the kingdom, between the chiefs, but he heard it at once and restored harmony by his good sense."[9]
Outside the kingdom, however, peace was in short supply. In 1038 Earl Eadulf of Northumbria, attempting to extend his control over Cumberland and other lands in that region, devastated Strathclyde.[25] Duncan responded the following year with an invasion of northern England, laying siege to Durham but suffering an overwhelming defeat.[26][25][6]
Duncan then focused his forces on the north, where he was confronted by Thorfinn of Orkney.[27] Thorfinn was also a grandson of Malcolm I, who had placed him in control of the earldom of Sutherland and Caithness.[28] When Duncan demanded the usual tribute due from those lands Thorfinn refused to provide it, claiming he held the lands as an absolute and unconditional gift from their joint grandfather.[29] The king responded by replacing Thorfinn as earl of Sutherland and Caithness with Duncan's own nephew, Moddan, and sent Moddan north with an army to take possession.[29] Moddan, however, fell in battle at Thurso, and Malcolm himself retreated into Moray.[27] There Macbeth, the mórmaer of Moray and one of Duncan's own commanders, who had decided it would be more profitable to ally himself with Thorfinn, slaughtered Duncan's army at Bothnagowan (now Pitgaveny) on 14 August 1040.[24][27][25]
Death
King Duncan was fatally wounded at Bothnagowan and was carried to Elgin, where he died soon after.[9][30] His body was then taken to the Isle of Iona for burial.[9][31]
Research Notes
Duncan's Wife
Most secondary sources either refer to her only as "a cousin (or kin) of Earl Siward of Northumbria" or by the name "Sibylla."[24][3][2] She is not listed in any primary sources. More recent research has uncovered an interlined addition to a king list which is contained in an early fourteenth century manuscript which gives her name as "Suthen." It reads: "Malcolin filius Doncath (mater eius Suthen vocatur) xxxvij annis et viij mensibus et interfectus in Inveralden et sepultus in Dunfermellin."[32] Suthen, being a Gaelic name, would make her relationship to Siward of Northumbria less likely (although not impossible).[10]
Duncan's two youngest sons
Donald's name appears frequently in early chronicles as the son of Malcolm and the brother of Duncan, although the name of his mother is never given. Matthew Paris names him as the brother of King Malcolm in the Chronicle Majorca;[33] Florence of Worcester refers to "Dufenaldum regis Malcolmi fratrem" as being elected king after his brother's death;[34] the Annals of Innisfallen name "Domnall son of Donnchadh" who killed "Donnchadh son of Mael Coluim king of Alba" in 1094;[35] and Fordun described how Edmund, son of Malcolm III, "partaking of his uncle Donald's wickedness....bargained with his uncle for half the kingdom."[36]
Mael Muire is named by Dunbar as a third son of Duncan I, but Dunbar's only source is a genealogical table which appears in the Orkneyinga Saga.[22][37] Little is known about Mael Muire, except (as stated in the Orkneyinga Saga) he had a son named Madach (or Maddad) who was the earl of Atholl. "Ek hefi nú gipta Margrètu Hákonar-dóttur Moddani jarli af Atiaktum, er göfgastr er allra Skota-höfòingja at ættum. Melmari fadir hans var bródir Melkólms Skota-konúngs, fodur Davids, er nú er Skotakonúngr."[8] Cawley also lists Mael Muire as a possible son of Duncan I, referencing the Complete Peerage, but points out that no primary evidence has yet been found to support the relationship.[2] There is, however, one primary source reference to Mael Muire on an updated charter by which David I granted protection to the clerics of Deer, which was witnessed by "Donchado comite de Fib et Malmori d'Athotla", but because it was also witnessed by the earls of Fife and Angus ("Ggillebrite comite d'Engus et Ghgillcomded Mac Aed..."[38] it cannot be dated any earlier than 1135, and that would seem to make it impossible for Mael Muire to have been the son of King Duncan I.[2]
Did Duncan have a daughter?
No contemporaneous records or accounts by early historians make a single reference to Duncan I ever having had a daughter. There is no hint of a daughter in the Chronicle of Fordun, the Chronicle of Melrose or any of the Annals of that period. Later historians, including Sir James Balfour Paul (the Lord Lyon), Sir Archibald Dunbar, William Skene, Charles Cawley, G.W.S. Barrow, Alan Anderson, and Stewart Baldwin (ed. of the Henry Project) all are unanimous in the belief that King Duncan had only two (or possibly three) sons. Attached to Duncan's profile on WikiTree there is a daughter named Beatrix. The source which is cited in support of Beatrix's parentage is a book written by Col K.H. Leslie, a Leslie family genealogist.[39]
Col. Leslie claims that Bartholomew, the founder of the family of Leslie in Scotland, married one of King Malcolm's own sisters "and this account is fortified by the best authorities."[39] The only authorities which he mentions, however, are 1) the Rev. William Betham's Genealogical Tables, published in 1797,[40] which does not actually list Beatrix by name and which also appears to be completely unsourced; and 2) an artistic rendering of the Genealogical Tree of the Royal Family of Scotland done by John Brown, genealogist to the Prince of Wales. Although the relevant portion of this tree is not available to be viewed online, it can be seen here that it is an elaborately designed pedigree chart which also does not provide any sources. Although it did receive a warm endorsement from the Lyon office encouraging the public to purchase subscriptions to enable it to be published, this is a far cry from the Lord Lyon ratifying every detail of it. To the contrary, Sir James Balfour Paul (Lord Lyon) said of Col Leslie's account that "nothing of all this is authenticated and it will be shown that [Bartholomew] probably lived much later, while it is doubtful if he ever possessed Leslie."[41] It should be noted that Beatrix is also listed as a daughter of Duncan I on the Clan MacFarlane website,[42] however the sources cited there are Burkes (considered unreliable), a ged, stirnet, a family tree, and a popular (recent) history which does not appear to be available online. Stevens-17832 23:31, 8 November 2021 (UTC)
Sources
? Anderson, Alan Orr. Early Sources of Scottish History. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd (1922), vol. 1, p. 576.
? 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Cawley, Charles. Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Medieval Lands Database. Duncan I.
? 3.0 3.1 Paul, Sir Jame Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 3, p. 240.
? 4.0 4.1 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 12.
? 5.0 5.1 Fordun, John. John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish nation. Skene, William F. (ed). Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (1872), bk. 4, p. 174.
? 6.0 6.1 Archer, T.A. Duncan I. Dictionary of National Biography Archive Edition (1888).
? Tigernach Annals. Revue Celtique, vol. xvii, p. 379, s.a. 1040: "Duncan, Crinan's son, sovereign of Scotland, was slain by his subjects, at an immature age...." cited in Anderson, Alan Orr. Early Sources of Scottish History. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd (1922), vol. 1, p. 581.
? 8.0 8.1 8.2 Baldwin, Stewart (ed). Donnchad (Duncan) I mac Crínáin. The Henry Project (2001), rv. 20 Jun 2010.
? 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Fordun, John. John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish nation. Skene, William F. (ed). Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (1872), bk. 4, p. 179.
? 10.0 10.1 10.2 Baldwin, Stewart. Suthen (Wife of king Duncan I of Scotland). The Henry Project (2001), rv 20 Jun 2010.
? 11.0 11.1 Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, pp. 1-2.
? Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 25 .
? 13.0 13.1 Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), vol. 4, pp. 576-578 SCOTLAND 1. Malcolm III.
? Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), pp. 26-27 .
? Stevenson, J. (ed). Chronica de Mailros. Edinburgh: the Societatis Edinburgensis (1835), "Anno m.lxx: Rex Malcolmus Angliam ufque cliveland vaftavit; et tunc clitoni Edgaro et fororibus Margaret et Chriftine, ubi eas invenit regem Anglie fugientes, ut in Scotiam irent, apud weremundam in reditu pacem fuam donavit et Margaretam poftea fibi in matrimonium junxit." p. 55.
? Robertson, Eben William. Scotland Under Her Early Kings. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (1862), repr. by Forgotten Books (2018), vol. 1, p. 146.
? Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 30.
? Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 35 .
? Skene, William F. Chronicle of the Picts and Scots. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's General Register House (1898), p. 175, no. 20: "Donald mac Donehatprius regnavit sex mensibus et postea expulsus et Donechet mac Malcobn regnavit 6 mensibus. Hoc interfecto a Malpeder Mackcolm coniite de Merns in Monacheden, rursus Donald mac Donehat reg- navit 3 annis. Hie captus est ab Edgar mac Malcolm, coe- catus est et mortuus Eosolpin. Sepultus in Dmikelden. Hinc translata ossa in lona."
? Skene, William F. Chronicle of the Picts and Scots. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's General Register House (1898), p. 289: "Douuenald filius Doncath vj. mensibus et postea expul- sus a regno ; et tunc Doncath filius Malcolin vj. mensibus et interfectus est a Malpedir filio Lorin comite de Mar ; et rursus Douuenald filius Doncath iij. annis et postea cap- tus ab Edgar filio Malcolin et secatus est et mortuus in Eoscolbin et sepultus in Dunfermlin, cujus ossa translata sunt in Iona insula."
? Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 43.
? 22.0 22.1 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 14 .
? Stevenson, J. (ed.). Chronica de Mailros. Edinburgh: the Societatis Edinburgensis (1835), A.D. 1034: "Obiit Malcolmus re Scottorum et Duncanus nepos ejus ei Fucceffit..." p. 46.
? 24.0 24.1 24.2 Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), p. 13.
? 25.0 25.1 25.2 Broun, Dauvit. Duncan I (Donnchad ua Maíl Choluim). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online (23 Sep 2004), available here by subscription.
? Anderson, Alan Orr. Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers. London: D. Nutt (1908), p. 83.
? 27.0 27.1 27.2 Ashley, Mike. The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers (1998), pp. 392-293.
? Robertson, Eben William. Scotland Under Her Early Kings. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (1862), reprt. by Forgotten Books (2018), vol. 1, p. 111.
? 29.0 29.1 Robertson, Eben William. Scotland Under Her Early Kings. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (1862), reprt. by Forgotten Books (2018), vol. 1, p. 114.
? Barrow, G.W.S. Kingship and Unity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (1961), p. 31.
? Skene, William F. Chronicle of the Picts and Scots. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's General Register House (1898): "Doncliath mac Trim abbatis de Dunkelden et Betli- ocli filije Malcolmi mac Kinoth 6 annis. Interfectus a Mackbeth mac Fialeg in Botligauenan et sepultus in lona...." p. 175.
? Regnal List I, Anderson, Marjorie Ogilvy. Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland. Edinburgh (1973), cited in Baldwin, Stewart. Suthen (Wife of king Duncan I of Scotland). The Henry Project (2001), rv 20 Jun 2010.
? Luard, H.R. (ed). Matthæi Parisiensis, Monarchi Sancti Albani, Chronica Majorca. London (1874), vol. 2 (1092), p. 33, cited in Cawley, Charles. Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Medieval Lands Database. Duncan I.
? Thorpe, Benjamin. Florentii Wigomiensis Monachi Chronicon, Tamus II. London (1849), p. 32, cited in Cawley, Charles. Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Medieval Lands Database. Duncan I.
? Annals of Innisfallen (1094), vol. 4, p. 249, cited in Cawley, Charles. Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Medieval Lands Database. Duncan I.
? Fordun, John. John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish nation. Skene, William F. (ed). Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (1872), bk. 5, chap. xxiv, p. 213.
? Anderson, Joseph (ed.). The Orkneyinga Saga. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (1873), p. 3 and chart #1, p. cxxxiii.
? Lawrie, Archibald. Early Scottish Charters Prior to A.D. 1143. Glasgow: J. MacLehose (1905)180-181.
? 39.0 39.1 Leslie, Colonel KH of Balquhain. Historical Records of the Family of Leslie. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (1869), vol. 1, p. 7.
? Betham, Rev. William. Genealogical Tables of the Sovereigns of the World. London: by the author (1795), Table DCXIX, p. 460.
? Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 7, pp. 264-265.
? Clan MacFarlane and associated clans genealogy website : Duncan I, King of Scotland (accessed 14 Sep 2020).
See also:
Burton, John Hill. The History of Scotland. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons (1874), reprt by Elibron Classics (2006), vol. 1, p. 343.
Duncan, A.A. M. Scotland, the Making of the Kingdom. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd (1975). p. 99.
Pryde, E.B. (ed.) Handbook of British Chronology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (3rd ed. 1986), rv. 1996, p. 56.
Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families. London: The Bodley Head (1989), pp. 180-181.
Wikipedia: Duncan I of Scotland
Wikipedia: House of Dunkeld
Goodey, Emma. Duncan I (r. 1034-1040). The Royal Family. London: The Royal Household (2016). Duncan I (r. 1034-1040).
Clan MacFarlane and associated clans genealogy website : Duncan I, King of Scotland (accessed 14 Sep 2020).
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